Bioactive Compounds from Momordica charantia, Nigella sativa, and Anethum graveolens against Metabolic Syndrome: Untangling the Complex Relationship

1Department of Pharmacology, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka, INDIA

Corresponding author.

Correspondence: Dr. Nayeem A. Khatib Head of Department of Pharmacology, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, INDIA. Email: khatibnayeem@hotmail.com
Received July 13, 2023; Revised August 13, 2023; Accepted August 26, 2023.
Copyright 2023 Authors
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Citation

1.Chavan RS, Khatib NA, Patil VS. Bioactive Compounds from Momordica charantia, Nigella sativa, and Anethum graveolens against Metabolic Syndrome: Untangling the Complex Relationship. Journal of Young Pharmacists [Internet]. 2023 Dec 22;15(4):659–70. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/jyp.2023.15.91
Copy to clipboard
Published in: Journal of Young Pharmacists, 2023; 15(4): 659-670. Published online: 07 December 2023DOI: 10.5530/jyp.2023.15.91

ABSTRACT

Background: Momordica charantia (MC), Nigella sativa (NS), and Anethum graveolens (AG) are widely utilized vegetables and as an herbal medicines, despite widespread use, there is no evidence of molecular mechanisms of compound-protein-pathway interaction for the treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Materials and Methods: Reported phytochemicals were collated from the botanical databases and SwissTargetPrediction was utilized to predict likely protein targets. Both the STRING and KEGG databases were used to infer the protein target pathway analysis. Cytoscape v3.6.1 was employed to build the compound-protein-pathway network. AutoDock vina executed through POAP pipeline was employed for therapeutic target and compounds docking study. Molecular dynamics was performed by GROMACS. Results: 34, 19, 34 phytocompounds from three plants MC, NS, and AG were predicted to target 30, 30, 28 protein targets and these targets modulated 20, 18, 22 molecular pathways respectively involved in metabolic syndrome. Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, Calcium, cGMP-PKG, cAMP, AMPK, PI3K-Akt, PPAR, Metabolic signaling pathways, etc were modulated by compounds. PPARG was hub gene within the network. Nigellidine from NS, Nigellimine-N-Oxide from NS, Cryptoxanthin from MC scored lowest BE with PPARG (-7.5kcal/mol), FABP1 (-8.8kcal/mol), and HMGCR (-7.1kcal/mol) protein targets respectively. MD simulation for 100ns revealed stable interactions of phytocompounds comparable to standard molecules. Conclusion: The current study identified multi-compounds containing enhanced fraction of MC, NS, and AG could be the effective therapy regimen for diabetes, obesity, and MetS.

Keywords: Anethum graveolens, Metabolic syndrome, Momordica charantia, Molecular dynamcis, Network Pharmacology, Nigella sativa